Structural form of kaolinite

The triclinic system, a0=0.514 nm, b0=0.893 nm, c0=0.737 nm, α=91.8, β=104.7, γ=90; Z=1. The structure belongs to the TO type, that is, the structural unit layer is formed by stacking a structural layer formed by a siloxane tetrahedral sheet and an "aluminum oxy-octahedral" octahedron sheet along the c-axis. There are no cations or water molecules between the layers, and strong hydrogen bonds (O-OH = 0.289 nm) enhance the bonding between the structural layers.

In the actual structure, the deformation and size of the "aluminite" sheet (a0=0.506 nm, b0=0.862 nm) are not exactly the same as the size of the silicon oxytetrahedral sheet (a0=0.514 nm, b0=0.893 nm). Therefore, the tetrahedron in the tetrahedral sheet must undergo slight relative rotation and warping to be compatible with the deformed "aluminite" sheet. The structural layer of kaolinite is stacked in such a way that adjacent structural layers are offset from each other by 1/3a along the a-axis, and there are rotations at different angles. Therefore, kaolinite has different types. The most common polytype is 1Tc, followed by dickite and nacrite, while 1M is rare. The so-called kaolinite is referred to as 1Tc kaolinite.

In the above-mentioned kaolinite structure layer, if a layer of water molecules is filled in the interlayer region, halloysite Al4[Si4O10](OH)8·4H2O is formed. In the crystal structure of halloysite, due to the presence of water molecules in the interlayer, the original strong hydrogen bonding system is destroyed, and the difference between the silicon tetrahedral sheet and the "aluminum hydroxide" sheet can be overcome by curling. So that the halloysite is in the form of a tetrahedral sheet, and the embossed structure of the structural unit layer of the octahedral sheet appears. Therefore, the structure of halloysite can be regarded as a kaolinite structure separated by a layer of water molecules, c0=1.01 nm.

Mostly cryptocrystalline dense block or soil aggregate. Under the electron microscope, it is a self-shaped hexagonal plate, a semi-self-shaped or a plate-like crystal. The size of the scale is generally 0.2 to 5 μm and the thickness is 0.05 to 2 μm. The orderly 2M1 kaolinite scales can reach 0.1~0.5mm, and the 2M2 kaolinite scales with the highest degree of order can reach 5mm. The aggregate is usually in the form of a sheet, a scale, a radial, or the like.

高岭石的结构形态

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