Jade articles have been inherited from primitives, simple to honed, and carved for thousands of years. The jade carving technique was developed from the simple small pieces such as the chimneys and bracelets of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China to the middle of the 70s, and the large jade carvings were made from the 80s to the 90s. The craft features include craftsmanship, waste craftsmanship, smashing and smashing, smashing into sputum, using skillful color, embossing, round carving, hollowing openwork, mosaic assembly and other processes to form the craft features of jade carving.
First, due to the application of art
Because of the art is the primary process in jade carving. Jade carving is crafted and amorphous. The jade carving needs to be imagined and placed on the jade without modification. Every piece of work needs to start from the nature, color, shape, etc., to maximize the use of jade materials, especially in the creation of characters, flowers, birds, flowers, animals, etc., because of the material design, a unique approach. The jade carving craft has a long history, and the craftsmanship of the art is reasonable. In history, only small pieces are the main products, and the products are single and limited in number. With the advancement of craftsmanship, the improvement of skills, the skills of performing arts and crafts are getting higher and higher, and the works are more colorful. The shape of the jade carving, the size of the work, and the rational use of the color are all the best results.
Second, dirty to go
Dirty, sputum is a taboo in jade products. Dirty means that the impurities in the jade are removed, making the jade more pure and bright. Jade carving large pieces are difficult to find jade materials that have no impurities in the whole body. They should do their best to make them dirty, and the shape of the jade can be designed according to its characteristics to maximize the use of materials. In the production process of the work, the jade body reveals impurities, or black or white spots or rice grainy impurities, etc., especially in the main part of the front, which is the most difficult problem for the designer to deal with. Drop or "cover". Many jade works have changed the original structure of the work because of the dirty, which removes the dirty spots and makes the structural shape more reasonable.
Go to 绺. The natural crack in the jade, there is no shape, direction and law. The cause of cockroaches is affected by many factors such as natural impact and cold change. The types of cockroaches include broken cracks, broken lines, turtle back patterns, fried heart patterns, and fried scars. In the processing of jade and carving, we must first pay attention to the treatment of striatum, or slash jade or hide. After the smashing, it is designed according to the shape of the material. In the design of the carvings, there are many reappearances, such as "stripe" and "waterline". It is necessary to design and work hard to make a meditation to make it change. The jade carving works are not stereotyped, and they are dirty and dirty. Although they are unfavorable, they have the effect of “making a blessing in disguiseâ€.
Third, phlegm is Yu
Sui is the jade in jade, but it is difficult to find crystal clear jade in jade. Especially after mining for a hundred years, cherish jade resources and make full use of jade materials, it has already been paid attention by jade carving experts to form a carving process of “resolving phlegm and phlegmâ€. Features. The works created by Huayu for Yu not only do not affect the works, but also make the works vivid, increase the sense of realism, and achieve the effect that ordinary jade can not achieve.
Fourth, the use of waste
The purpose of scrap is to cherish the jade resources, reduce the cost of the work, and create jade carving crafts with the same value as the finished materials or higher than the value of the finished jade materials, especially in making full use of non-renewable jade resources. It is commendable.
Five, pretty color and skillful use
The use of pretty color is a major feature of the jade carving process, which is widely used in the jade carving industry. The jade color is mainly green, and it has yellow, black, red and white colors. There are lake green, apple green, grass green and green and white. Some jade is variegated jade, red, yellow, ink, and green colors are integrated into one, the color is colorful, the river jade jade color is dark green, and the brownish yellow jade skin is outsourced. The rich color and jade quality of jade provide a good material foundation for the use of pretty colors in the production. It also makes jade products exquisite, vivid and vivid, giving people a vivid and lively feeling, and making the world more true love.
Sixth, relief
The relief is one of the jade carving crafts. The image is shaped or smeared on the bottom plate of the engraving plane. The outline of the body is similar to the painting. The convex and concave changes are different, and the form is not restricted to the form, mainly from the front. Emboss is mainly used in the living, furnace, bottle smoked, utensils, and other works are also embossed. The jade carving works are quaint, elegant and luxurious due to various patterns and patterns of relief. There are many types of reliefs.
Bas-relief: the engraving is shallow, the cross is less, and the depth is generally less than 2 mm. The bas-relief requires strict rigs. It is common to enhance the stereoscopic effect of the screen by combining lines and surfaces;
The middle relief: the "ground" is deeper than the bas-relief, and the level changes more. The general depth is 2-5 mm, and the depth is determined according to the thickness of the wall.
Deep relief: There are many layers and a strong sense of three-dimensionality. There are two types of embossed patterns: one is the traditional various deformation patterns such as back pattern, thunder, and lotus pattern. One type is realistic patterns such as flowers, grass worms, birds and beasts, landscapes, figures and figurative dragons and phoenixes, and auspicious patterns. The traditional animal patterns of various deformations make the utensils simple, solemn and heavy. The plant pattern is rich and light. The geometric pattern makes the vessel stable and balanced. Deformed pattern patterns are often applied to the abdomen, neck and various edges of the vessel.
Seven, openwork
Openwork is a further development of relief, also known as hollow sculpture. Some parts equivalent to "ground" or background are hollowed out on the basis of bas-relief or deep relief. Make the image of the image more vivid, so that the work can reflect the exquisite and wonderful craftsmanship. The openwork has increased the level of jade carving works, and many works have patterns of ups and downs of two or three layers and even four layers. As the level increases, the patterns and scenes are staggered up and down, and the scenery is far and near. Because of its complicated process, it is difficult to make and adopts the drilling and penetrating grinding method. Therefore, the lines of the upper and lower layers of the hollowing are complicated and complicated, which is the most time-consuming and laborious in polishing, but the effect of the openwork art is the best.
Eight, round carving
Also known as "Garden Body Carving", it is a three-dimensional sculpture. The front, back, left and right sides must be carved out to see the objects regardless of the front and side. They can be viewed from any angle up and down. The objects are like real objects, only the difference in proportion, there is a real volume. The most widely used varieties of the round carving process are the vegetarian and character classes. The northern jade carving process is famous all over the country. The body and the cover are suitable in proportion, the accessories are exquisite, and the decoration is gorgeous and rich. The whole body works like a practical object, but it is an exquisite handicraft.
Nine, internal carving
Internal carving is a more complicated process. Carving two or three layers of scenery inside and outside on a piece of jade, the jade carving industry calls it "the perfect". From the period of the Republic of China to the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the limitations of the tools and jade carving techniques, the technique of internal carving has been blank. After the 1970s, jade carving artists explored the skills of internal carving and achieved breakthrough results. His work has the "fairy bat bat" designed by Li Hongcai. There are two bats in the plaque. The other works are spherical objects, with three or four layers inside, layered with carved or textured, and can be rotated to enjoy, which is called jade carving stunt.
Ten, thread combination
The thread combination is applied to the industrial thread and assembly process in jade carving crafts. After the 1980s, jade carvings were popular. The thread is introduced into jade products with good results.
In addition, although various types of crafts are described separately, it is difficult to distinguish a piece of work into a certain craft in the jade carving works, and most of the fine works are all in one, or a certain kind of craft. Other processes are available. The essence of the work is here.
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