Bai Hexiang
With the rapid development of China's economy and society, finance has penetrated into all aspects of national life, enabling people to enjoy certain financial risks while enjoying convenient financial services. Especially in recent years, the private lending crisis, the stock market oscillated, and some P2P online lending platforms “running the road†have not only caused huge losses to consumers, but also brought certain impact to financial stability. Carrying out universal education on financial knowledge can not only protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, but also help prevent and control financial risks at the macro level. Incorporating the popularization of financial knowledge into the national basic education, making the popularization of financial knowledge an important part of quality education, and cultivating the financial awareness, risk awareness and integrity awareness of young people as early as possible, can fundamentally guide and promote the overall financial literacy of the whole people.
It is of great significance to promote the integration of financial knowledge into the national education system.
(1) Promoting the integration of financial knowledge into the national education system has the strategic significance of benefiting the country and benefiting the people
A well-educated financial consumer is the cornerstone of financial stability. The purpose of financial knowledge education is to improve consumers' financial literacy and self-protection ability, which is an important part of the financial consumer protection framework. Financial knowledge education is related to national financial security and is an objective requirement for social and economic development, deepening financial reform and building a harmonious society. The sound development of the financial industry, the effective use of financial instruments and products, and the sharing of financial reform and development results all require the public to have a matching financial literacy.
(2) Promoting the integration of financial knowledge into the national education system is an urgent need for quality education for young people
The Consumer Financial Literacy Survey and Analysis Report (2017) issued by the People's Bank of China shows that the overall level of national financial literacy in China is not high. Students in schools, poor people in remote areas, labor migrants, and disabled people should become financial consumer education. Key areas and groups. Among them, the student group is the most suitable group for the education of financial knowledge. Judging from the survey, the financial literacy of young people is significantly lower than that of adults, and risk awareness, integrity awareness and awareness of rights and responsibilities need to be strengthened. Therefore, it is urgent to promote the integration of financial knowledge into the national education system, enhance the financial literacy of young people, and cultivate their financial cognition, risk awareness, integrity awareness and rights and responsibilities, and enhance their illegal financial activities, online fraud, etc. The ability to identify helps prevent illegal financial activities from penetrating into small and medium-sized campuses.
(III) Promoting the integration of financial knowledge into the national education system is an important measure to promote the development of inclusive finance
At present, one of the main problems encountered in promoting the development of inclusive finance is that the financial literacy of the general public is generally low, and the performance of the remote and backward areas is the most prominent. The vast majority of the public lacks the most basic financial cognitive ability and financial common sense. The promotion of financial products and the use of financial instruments have created major obstacles, and it is difficult to obtain support for production and life through financial products and tools. Therefore, the integration of financial knowledge popularization education into the quality education content of primary and secondary schools can build a normalized financial knowledge popularization education position, so that the majority of young people can understand financial concepts, establish financial concepts, recognize financial tools, and master the necessary Financial common sense is the basic requirement for cultivating new-type citizens, and it is also the basic requirement for financial poverty alleviation and inclusive financial development.
Practical Exploration of Incorporating Financial Knowledge into National Education System in Shaanxi Province
(1) The People's Bank of China actively promotes the integration of financial knowledge into the national education system pilot program
In 2013, the People's Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission formulated the "China Financial Education National Strategy (Preliminary Draft)" was included in the "Promoting National Financial Education Strategy" by the OECD. At the same time, the People's Bank of China actively promoted the integration of financial knowledge into the national education system. In Shaanxi, the People's Bank of China designated the poverty alleviation area - Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province as the starting point, increased policy support and capital investment, the implementation of "central bank precision education "The plan is to help the education in the two districts and counties of Tongchuan City from three aspects: "precise assistant school, precise assistant teaching, and precise aiding". The accumulated investment is 10.43 million yuan, and nearly 30 schools are repaired and assisted. The use of laptops in Junxian No. 1 Middle School has greatly improved the conditions for running schools in rural areas.
(2) The main mode of incorporating Shaanxi financial knowledge into the national education system
The integrated model of Baoji. The first is to carry out all-round cooperation with Baoji University of Arts and Sciences to carry out financial knowledge courses, enter the campus, award essays, and post internships. The People's Bank of China Baoji Zhongzhi signed the "Comprehensive Cooperation Framework Agreement" with Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, which opened the precedent for the integration of Shaanxi's financial knowledge into the university curriculum education system. The "Modern Credit Information" was included in the 2017 edition of the Department of Economics and Management's professional training program setting system, and the public elective course "Recruitment and Economic Life" was opened in the whole school, which was taught by an associate professor of economics. Carry out financial knowledge into campus activities, covering financial technology frontier technology, digital currency, credit information system construction and so on. Co-organized the 2017 "College Students and Credit Information" essay activities, received a total of 1,500 works, participated in the Baoji City Credit and Essays joint evaluation, a total of 4 works won. Cooperating to build the “Basic Teaching and Research Base of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences†and providing financial internship positions, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences sent five students from 2014 to Baoji Middle School to conduct financial professional internship activities. The second is to carry out the financial knowledge contest for middle school students through the “follow-up†approach between financial institutions and secondary schools. Financial institutions practitioners conduct financial knowledge counseling for middle school students, and representatives of eight banking branches of financial institutions and eight school teams from Meixian participated in the on-site competition. In order to run the competition, the People's Bank of China Baoji Zhongzhi and Meixian Sub-branch organized eight financial institutions in the Meixian County area to prepare a Concise Reading of Middle School Students' Financial Knowledge, which was widely used to promote financial knowledge in primary and secondary schools.
Hanzhong's "in-class + extra-curricular" mode. The Hanzhong Branch of the People's Bank of China promoted the popularization of financial knowledge through a combination of classroom and extracurricular activities. During the class, students from the School of Mechanical and Engineering of Shaanxi University of Technology will hold special lectures and theme classes on financial knowledge popularization to explain basic financial knowledge and explore hot issues of concern to college students. Outside the class, combined with the characteristics of “simple, efficient and easy to use†on the H5 page and the advantages of rapid mobile communication, the University of Science and Technology of Shaanxi innovated the H5 page production competition of the Postal Savings Bank Cup Integrity Promotion, and fully utilized Weibo, WeChat and other promotional vehicles. Spreading the knowledge of credit reporting, the event received more than 130 student works, effectively promoting the development of the “Promoting Honesty Culture and Protecting the Honest Campusâ€.
Yulin and Tongchuan's “Poverty Alleviation + Teaching Assistant†model. The People's Bank of China, Yulin City Center, in conjunction with the Mizhi County Government and Beijing Foreign Studies University, held the “Slang, Xinyuan†poverty alleviation assistant and financial knowledge national education and publicity activities, explored the “Poverty Alleviation + Teaching Assistant†model, and signed a tripartite cooperation agreement to conduct “financial The Knowledge National Education Demonstration Point “respects and hires teachers and students as honorary promoters and other activities to promote financial knowledge into the local national education system through practical actions. The People's Bank of China Tongchuan Zhongzhi has set up 15 pilot secondary schools to set up a financial knowledge popularization course in the city, and uniformly distributed the “Financial Knowledge with Me Growth – Rural Middle School Students' Financial Knowledge Popularization Reader†compiled by the China Financial Education Development Foundation. The proposal of the Tongchuan CPPCC National Committee to the CPPCC to “open a financial knowledge popularization course in the middle school of the city†has been taken care of by the Municipal Education Bureau.
"Internet +" data platform model. With the advantage of “Internet +†data platform, the People’s Bank of China Xi’an Branch deployed 100 financial knowledge promotion comprehensive service platforms in 99 provincial financial knowledge popularization demonstration sites, and used Internet technology to integrate financial policies, financial knowledge and dynamics of the People’s Bank and financial institutions. The information is presented in vivid forms such as posters, videos, pictures, and dynamic presentations, which meets the needs of farmers to browse and consult at any time, and provides great convenience for obtaining financial knowledge in rural areas.
(III) Main experience of incorporating Shaanxi financial knowledge into the national education system
Integrate superior resources and give full play to the combined efforts. In the Yulin model, the People's Bank of China Yulin City Center Branch, Mizhi County Government and Beijing Foreign Studies University jointly organized activities to unite the resources of the government, universities and the People's Bank of China, and achieved complementary advantages and resource integration. Specifically, during the activity, the Mizhi County Government gave full play to its organizational advantages, cooperated with the construction of the “National Knowledge Education Demonstration Siteâ€, and provided support for activities at the institutional level; the People’s Bank actively exerted its regulatory advantages and compiled the “National Knowledge†that is in line with the understanding of primary and secondary school students. The Education Reader (Finance) guarantees the activities in the content; Beijing Foreign Studies University exerts its professional advantages and realizes the educational and educational activities of financial knowledge education through activities such as spiritual communication, reading English poetry reading and rehearsing English drama.
Strengthen the top-level design and sign a strategic cooperation agreement. In the Baoji mode, the People's Bank of China Baoji City Center Branch signed the "Comprehensive Cooperation Framework Agreement" with Baoji University of Arts and Sciences. In the Yulin model, the People’s Bank of China Yulin City Center Branch, the Mizhi County People’s Government and the Beijing Foreign Studies University of the Communist Youth League signed the “Intention Letter on Poverty Alleviation and Financial Knowledge National Education Strategic Cooperationâ€, strategically planning, and adopting a “gradual + pilot†approach. Incorporate financial knowledge education into the teaching curriculum of middle and primary schools in Mizhi County.
Highlight the demonstration role and determine the “financial knowledge education demonstration siteâ€. The Yulin model highlights the role of “bridgehead†and selects Mizhi County Vocational Middle School as the “financial knowledge national education demonstration point†to construct a normalized financial knowledge popularization education position. He organized the financial volunteers of Mizhi County, the teachers of Beijing Foreign Studies University, and the students of Mizhi County to hold a report performance, focusing on the maintenance of financial consumer rights and the promotion of financial literacy, self-written scripts and self-directed performances. Financial knowledge such as financial precision poverty alleviation, prevention of telecom fraud, anti-counterfeiting, and anti-money laundering will be carried out in the middle, and local education authorities, school leaders and parent representatives will be invited as audiences to let the audience experience the financial integration into national education by watching the program. Necessity and urgency.
Guarantee the faculty and hire teachers and students as propagandists. In the Tongchuan model, five teacher volunteers were identified as instructors in each pilot school, and the one-week training for teacher volunteers was completed with the China Financial Education Development Foundation. In the Yulin model, starting from the regular mechanism of financial education, I hired the teaching teacher of Beijing Foreign Studies University as the financial knowledge honorary propagandist, and promoted the financial knowledge publicity and education “walking up and flowing out†with the help of Beijing Foreign Studies University’s “slang project†platform. A benign interaction between teaching action and financial knowledge.
Suggestions on Accelerating the Process of Integrating Financial Knowledge Education into the National Education System
(1) Establishing the financial mechanism that is led by the education department and coordinated by the financial supervision department into the working mechanism of the national education system
The integration of financial knowledge into the national education system involves the education sector, the financial regulatory department, the cultural department, the propaganda department, and financial institutions. The support and cooperation of the school is also very important. As early as 2015, the "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection of Financial Consumers' Rights and Interests" clearly required that the Ministry of Education should incorporate the education of financial knowledge into the national education system and effectively improve the national financial literacy. However, from the current progress, this measure has not yet been implemented, which is the main reason why some local education departments are not enthusiastic about this work. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education take the lead in establishing a multi-sector coordination and cooperation mechanism, integrate resources, form synergies, and integrate financial knowledge into the national education system's objectives, plans, implementation, guarantees, assessments, etc., and implement national office documents as soon as possible. .
(2) Proposal to amend the curriculum standards to clarify financial knowledge as the main content of quality education in primary and secondary schools
The popularization of financial knowledge is systematic and gradual. Therefore, the key to promoting the integration of financial knowledge into the national education system is to incorporate financial knowledge into basic education. By fully considering students' understanding and financial knowledge needs, from shallow to deep, from simple to complex Systematized and scientifically set up courses to enable young people to better understand, master and apply financial knowledge, and gradually cultivate good financial behavior, financial attitudes and risk awareness. Articles 35 and 38 of China's Compulsory Education Law respectively provide macro-regulations on the curriculum and textbooks for compulsory education, and suggest that the Ministry of Education incorporate financial knowledge into the basic knowledge and quality skills necessary for compulsory education. Promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism for the integration of financial knowledge into the national education system.
(3) Raising special funds from various parties to provide financial support for the sustainable development of financial knowledge into national education work
The popularization of financial knowledge education and the improvement of national financial quality are the grand basic projects that promote the development of national and local financial undertakings and economic and social progress, and are the social welfare undertakings that benefit the country and the people. Its participation involves all aspects of government and society, and it needs to be carried out in depth for a long time. However, at present, financial knowledge education is based on the principle of public welfare, and no fees are charged for students and schools. From the perspective of the progress of the pilot, the cost of writing and printing materials is relatively large. Taking Shaanxi Province as an example, the number of initial pilot students is expected to be 130,000, and the cost of teaching materials is about 1 million yuan per year. It is difficult to guarantee the sustainability of this work by relying solely on the financial sector to raise fees. It is suggested that the basic education of national finance should be included in the national budget, which should be guaranteed by the financial funds at the same level, and encourage financial institutions, enterprises, institutions and social organizations to provide financial support through sponsorship and donation. Establish a “financial knowledge universal education fund†at the national and local levels, integrate and accumulate various types of financial resources, and use it for the popularization of financial knowledge.
(The author is the party secretary and president of the Xi'an Branch of the People's Bank of China)
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