Citrine is a valuable ore, a kind of gem. Its main component is silica, in addition to some containing associated mineral chromium, manganese, copper, iron and other ions to cause refraction to produce a variety of colors. Often used as a processing crystal ornamental stone, crystal carving, crystal jewelry, crystal ball and so on.
Composition (coloration cause)
The main chemical composition: silica, the chemical composition contains Si - 46.7%, O - 53.3%. Multiple colors appear due to the inclusion of different blends. Purple and green are colored by iron (Fe2+) ions, purple can also be caused by titanium (Ti4+), and other colors are colored by color centers.
Associated mineral components: inclusions such as goethite, hematite, rutile, magnetite, garnet, chlorite, etc.; crystals contain inclusions of hair-like needle-like minerals visible to the naked eye.
Those containing manganese and iron are called amethyst, those with iron (gold or yellow) are called citrine, those with manganese and titanium are called rose quartz, which is called pink crystal, and those with smoke are called smoke crystal. Citrine, black transparent is called smoky quartz.
Physical characteristics:
Crystal specific gravity: 2.56 - 2.66 g / cubic centimeter. This means that the weight of a certain volume of crystal is 2.56 - 2.66 times the weight of the same volume of water. The density of the block variant crystal may be slightly higher.
Crystal strip color: colorless. The color of mineral powder is called streaks. It can eliminate false colors, weaken the color, and retain the self-color white crystal engraving, which is one of the more reliable identification features than the color of minerals.
The hardness of the crystal: hardness 7, which is Mohs hardness, which is equivalent to the hardness of the steel shovel.
Crystal heavy refractive index: 0.009 (maximum), this value is very stable.
Crystal light characteristics: Axial crystal light.
Crystal dispersion: 0.013.
Dispersion means that the refractive index of a gemstone varies with the illumination light. For example, a diamond refracts red light to 2.405; green light to 2.427; and violet light to 2.449.
Melting point: The melting point of the crystal is 1713 °C.
Its heat-shattering properties were discovered during the experiment. Put the crystal in the flame of the burner, unless it is well protected and slowly cooled, the crystal will be easily broken. This temperament, the ancients have been through.
Cleavage: No cleavage.
The so-called cleavage refers to the fact that when a mineral is struck, it is regularly cracked in a certain direction to form a smooth plane. According to the degree of cleavage, it can be divided into five categories: extremely complete cleavage, complete cleavage, medium cleavage, incomplete cleavage and no cleavage, and crystal belongs to no cleavage.
Fracture: shell-shaped.
The fracture is also called a breach. It refers to the irregular cracking of the mineral after being hit, and the cracked surface is called the fracture. According to the shape of the fracture, it can be divided into a shell shape and a zigzag shape.
Transparent standard: Crystal transparency is related to the quality and quantity of light passing through it. When the light is transparent through crystal fragments or sheets with a thickness of 1 cm or more, the reflected image can be clearly seen. If the base image is not clear enough, only the outline is visible, which is translucent.
Crystal luster: glass luster. This is true on the polished surface or in the breach. Gloss, an optical property of the surface of a gemstone that reflects light. Crystal does not reflect brilliant star-shaped stripes like star sapphire and star gemstones, and does not emit light blue brilliance like moonstone, not as colorful as opal stone. Observe the luster of the crystal, you can hold it with your hand, and see the surface reflection by the light that the light or window throws in. The brightness of the transparent crystal is related to the intensity of the gloss.
Structural form
Crystallized crystals are trigonal, often hexagonal prisms. The column is a pointed or two-pointed tip. The long columns are connected together. They are called clusters, beautiful and spectacular. Silica crystals are incomplete and the shape can be described in a variety of ways.
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