Two thousand years ago to restore silk clothing

The discovery of the Tomb of King Wen of Nanyue was hailed as one of the ten archaeological discoveries of China in the 20th century. As the tomb has not been subjected to harassment, it is by far the largest tomb found in the Lingnan area, with the most abundant cultural relics and the highest standard of tomb ownership. Among the more than 1,000 unearthed cultural relics, there are various types of copper, iron, pottery, and jade, among which the jade is of particular interest. The silk-jade jade clothing consisting of 2291 jade pieces is currently unearthed in China and can be restored. The age of the Han Dynasty jade clothes was earlier and was not seen in the official literature. The other piece, which shares 32 ornaments, is also commendable for its group of four different materials.

Li Yu, director of the Museum of Museum of the Western Han Dynasty's Nanyue King Museum, said that “the number of unearthed jade articles is very large, and the varieties are well preserved and preserved. It is also rare in the Han tombs that have been excavated in the country, and shows the depth of the development of jade culture in South Vietnam. Jade articles are the best of Han Yu.” Ye Danyang, a research fellow at the South Vietnamese Museum of the Western Han Dynasty, said, “It is the most difficult to restore silk and jade clothes. It took three years for experts at the Institute of Archaeology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences to recover successfully. I can imagine how the manpower and material resources needed to make jade clothes more than 2,000 years ago."

â–  Collection Weekly reporter Liang Zhiqin used bamboo toothpicks to dig in order to maintain the integrity of the jade tablets. In 1983, a jade silk garment not found in the literature was found in the Zhao Tomb of Nanyue, Guangzhou. The tomb is the earliest recorded in the Lingnan region, has the history of the highest grade of the highest level of untamed painted stone chamber tomb, but due to water into the tomb, Yuyi unearthed when the silk has decayed, jade pieces scattered.

According to commentators from the Western Han Museum of the King of Vietnam, at the time of excavation, in order not to destroy the integrity of the cultural relics, archaeologists used relatively primitive tools to excavate with bamboo sticks made from bamboo pieces. The decayed casket is broken up from the jade by the gap between bamboo pieces.”

In archeology, there are currently Jinyu jade garments, silver silk jade garments and silk silk jade garments. Once in the husband and wife's burial tomb of Liu Sheng and Dou E, because they are also very fortunate to escape the hands of robbers, two sets of complete gold and jade clothes were unearthed. It is worth noting that Liu Sheng, King of Zhongshan, died in Yuanding four years (113 BC) and ten years later than Zhao Wei (122 BC). The overall combination of jade clothes is basically similar to that of Zhao Yu’s clothing. It is also composed of five parts: head, tops, gloves, pants, and shoes. Each part can be separated from each other. Liu Sheng's wife, Dou Yi’s jade dress, also uses 2,160 pieces of Xiuyan jade pieces. The gold thread is about 700 grams. The parts are basically the same as those of Liu Sheng Yu clothing, except that the body's chest and back are covered with several pieces of large jade pieces. Paste made of the process, this process seems to be the same as the top coat, two sleeves, and two cuffs.

It is understood that Zhao Yu’s silk and jade garments are much more difficult than those of Liu Sheng’s and Dou’s husband’s Jin Yu Yu’s clothing, because the gold and silk threads of Jin Yu’s jade garments are still tough and still retain their shape. Due to the silkiness of the Silk Jade Jade, the silk Thread has decayed for a long time. All the jade pieces are almost unconnected when they are unearthed. Archaeologists can only spend a lot of time to restore the mosaic.

“Experts from the Technical Department of the Institute of Archaeology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences spent 3 years successfully recovering. You can imagine how the manpower and material resources were used to make jade clothes more than 2,000 years ago.” Ye Danyang said.

Jade is the main burial object. However, it is puzzling that, according to historical records, the king of South Vietnam was officially recognized by the Central Government of the Han dynasty as the surname princes. According to the grade, Zhao Yu’s jade attire should be Jubilee Jade or Jin Yuyu. Clothes, but why Zhao Hao will choose to use silkworms? In this regard, Ye Danyang stated that this habit of using different silk threads according to different grades began in the Eastern Han Dynasty, while the South Vietnamese King was in the early Western Han Dynasty. On the other hand, from the relics unearthed in the same period, there were more silk remnants, and the remnants of the superposed silk carbonized were more than one meter high, and various jade and copper found in tombs were also found in various places. Iron, pottery, there are many traces of enamel. Therefore, there are two reasons for the use of silk thread in silk silk garments. One thread may be more easily obtained than gold or silver thread. The second is the use of lines to show identity. This statement is not yet popular.

Ye Danyang added that the funeral system of Yuyi Congested Body only lasted until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. "Because no jade clothes have been found since the Han Dynasty."

Zhao Yu's silk silk jade clothes can now be found in the complete and recoverable Han Dynasty jade clothes that were earlier in the age and were not seen in the official literature in the form of the rare silk silk jade clothes. Ye Danyang introduced that on the archaeological finds, there were more than 70 tombs of unearthed jade or jade tablets in the Han Dynasty. However, since most of them had suffered tombs, they could not be completely preserved. The tomb of the king was never encountered as a tomb, because most of the funerary remains remained intact.

Throughout the tombs, jade wares accounted for the main part. In addition to the silk caskets and jade clothes of this scale, a total of 29 jade cymbals were found in the tomb owner's sampan wood. They were placed on the body, on the sides, etc. Most people's questions. According to commentators, the ancients believed that Tianyuan was a round place, a round shout, and a square shout. Liangzhu Culture in Zhejiang Province had been found to be useful. However, when it arrived in the Western Han Dynasty, it was basically replaced by a round shrine. In the fear of heaven and earth, on the other hand, it is a symbol of status.

Interpretation of the "the most complicated" in the Western Han Dynasty, the group Yupei group also known as Yupei group decoration, refers to the jade, jade, Yuhuan and other devices, together with agate, crystal and other accessories made of valuable decorations. Yupei has a long history of development in China. As early as in the ancient times, the ancestors began to wear jade, and during the Warring States period, the jades along the lines of Pei and Jade were developed. The ancient people Peiyu is a manifestation of Yu Bide’s concept, “The ancient gentleman must wear Peiyu”, “The gentleman is no reason, Jade doesn’t stay.” Yupei is not a casual decoration in ancient societies but has the function of expressing status, expressing emotions, and social communication.

There are 11 sets of Yupei unearthed in the tomb of Nanyue kings, among which the tombs are the most beautiful and share 32 ornaments, especially the middle golden Beads, small coal beads, and small dancers, covering gold, coal, glass and jade. With four different materials, the whole set of jades is lively and rhythmic. The whole set of jade jackets, about 60 cm long from chest to knees, is covered in jade clothes.

Ye Danyang said that the group Yupei is a combination. The place where the group Yu Pei is rare is mainly a complex combination of various materials and many different shapes. This style of Peiyu, which was more popular in the Central Plains during the Warring States Period, had been simplified as much as possible in the Han Dynasty, but the South Vietnamese countries still admired this complication. “From a certain point of view, this may be because the then South Vietnam country was in a remote area. Information did not keep up with the trend of the Han Dynasty."

Know more D

Jade clothing is also called “yu yu”, and the ancients used it as a suit worn by emperors and senior aristocrats at the time of their death. Because people superstitiously believe that jade has a magical function and can be preserved, they use jade clothes to wrap the corpse, hoping to make the body immortal. "Biography of Liu Hanzi in the Later Han Dynasty" has a record: "There are jade crickets who live at a high rate."

"Yu-Yi" was first mentioned in the "Han Huo Guang Chuan": "The light 薨 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 赐 , , , , , , , , , , , , , 匧 匧 匧 匧. Later, they were also recorded in the Later Han, the Three Kingdoms, and the Xijing Notes.

Why link people wearing jade clothes after death?

According to "The Book of Han Dynasty's Etiquette", after the death of the emperor, it was used to dress with gold and jade; the princes of the princes, the first generation of princes, nobles, and princesses used the silver casket after the death; the lavish people and the princess used copper enamel. clothes. The ministers and expatriates who are favored by the emperor are often given jade clothes as burial suits to show grace. And these jade garments are generally made by the East Gardener under Hanting. The East Garden craftsman is a Shaofu, and the “main is the inner utensils of the mausoleum,” which means that for the emperors and the post-production and preparation of some are called “Eastern Garden. The funeral supplies of the secret device, such as Huangmian, Sui, Jin Yuyu, rice, etc.

How many pieces of silk clothing are there?

Is there only one "silk jade dress" decorated with silk thread? The answer is not yet certain. According to relevant data, there are more than 70 tombs of jade or jade tablets unearthed in the Han Dynasty. There are nearly 40 tombs of princes, queens and nobles in the Western Han Dynasty. However, due to serious harassment in some of the tombs, the number of Yuyue jade pieces unearthed varies. There are hundreds of pieces, but only a few pieces. Some of the jade garments were woven with unknown fabrics, but they were difficult to recover because they were not uniform. This series of silk silk jade garments by Zhao Wei is the rare, silky jade garment that is found in the complete and reconstructed Han Dynasty jade garments that were not seen in the official literature earlier in the period. precious.